Seismic motion in urban sites consisting of blocks in welded contact with a soft layer overlying a hard half-space     

Jean-Philippe Groby  Armand Wirgin 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(2):725-758

We address the problem of the response to a seismic wave of an urban site consisting of   N _b   blocks overlying a soft layer underlain by a hard substratum. The results of a theoretical analysis, appealing to a space–frequency mode-matching (MM) technique, are compared to those obtained by a space–time finite-element (FE) technique. The two methods are shown to give rise to the same prediction of the seismic response for   N _b = 1  , 2 and 40 blocks. The mechanism of the interaction between blocks and the ground, as well as that of the mutual interaction between blocks, are studied. It is shown, in the first part of this paper, that the presence of a small number of blocks modifies the seismic disturbance in a manner which evokes qualitatively, but not quantitatively, what was observed during the 1985 Michoacan earthquake in Mexico City. Anomalous earthquake response at a much greater level, in terms of duration, peak and cumulative amplitude of motion, is shown, by a theoretical and numerical analysis in the second part of this paper, to be induced by the presence of a large (≥10) number of identical equi-spaced blocks that are present in certain districts of many cities.  相似文献   

Analysis of three-component ambient vibration array measurements   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Donat Fäh  Gabriela Stamm  Hans-Balder Havenith 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(1):199-213

  相似文献   

Seismic radiation from dynamic coalescence, and the reconstruction of dynamic source parameters on a planar fault     

Nobuki Kame  Koji Uchida 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,174(2):696-706

The dynamic coalescence of two mode II cracks on a planar fault is simulated here using the elastodynamic boundary integral equation method. We focus on the complexity of the resultant slip rate and seismic radiation in the crack coalescence model (CCM) and on the reconstruction of a single crack model (SCM) that can reproduce the CCM waveforms from heterogeneous source parameters rather than coalescence. Simulation results reveal that localized higher slip rates are generated by coalescence as a result of stress interaction between the approaching crack tips. The synthesized seismic radiation exhibits a distinct coalescence phase that has striking similarities to stopping phases in the radiation and propagation properties. The corresponding SCM yields a singular increase in the stress drop distribution, which is accompanied by a sudden decrease in it across the point of coalescence in the CCM. This implies that the generation of high-frequency radiation is more efficient from coalescence than from stopping, although both phenomena exhibit the same strong  ω⁻²  -type displacement spectra.  相似文献   

Retrieving earthquake signature in grace gravity solutions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

O. de Viron  I. Panet  V. Mikhailov  M. Van Camp  M. Diament 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,174(1):14-20

The GRACE satellites have been orbiting the Earth since 2002, monitoring the time variable gravity field. Some of the observed fluctuations are due to geodynamic causes, but they are often hidden in the complex signal, composed of hydrology, ocean, atmosphere, and geodynamics, the signal of geodynamic origin being usually the smallest. In addition, dealiasing residuals and noise make the separation of the signal from the different causes more difficult. We proposed a method based on the Empirical Orthogonal Function decomposition to extract the signal of physical origin, under the hypothesis that the physical signal is spatially more consistent than the noise and aliasing incomplete correction. We used synthetic geoid variations associated with earthquakes located at nearly 2000 positions at the Earth surface, based on several examples of large actual subduction events. We show that, with the present day accuracy, we can retrieve the geoid variations associated with more than 98 per cent of the earthquakes of magnitude 9 or above, around 60 per cent for magnitude 8.8, 40 per cent for magnitude 8.6 and 33 per cent for magnitude 8.3. Some events, with the right properties and location, can be detected with magnitude as low as 8. We then applied the method to the GRACE solutions, and retrieved the Hokkaido event (2003) and the Sumatra event (2004), which is in agreement with the retrieval rates mentioned here above.  相似文献   

基于层次分析法与GIS相结合的岩溶塌陷地质灾害易发性分区评估——以云南省师宗县为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

金艳珠  谈树成  虎雄岗  蒋顺德  冯龙 《热带地理》2012,32(2):173-178

以岩溶地貌发育的云南省师宗县作为研究实例,通过层次分析法确定岩溶塌陷评估因子及其权重值,并划分岩溶塌陷评估因子的等级.在此基础上,利用GIS空间分析技术对岩溶塌陷空间数据进行处理和分析,按地质灾害综合危险性指数R值将研究区域划分为三大地质灾害易发程度不同的区域,并通过实例验证分析地质灾害综合危险性指数R值求取的可行性,实现了基于层次分析法与GIS技术相结合的云南省师宗县岩溶塌陷地质灾害易发性分区和评估.结果显示:师宗县岩溶塌陷高易发区(4≤R≤5)集中分布于研究区域的北部和中部,占总面积的39.22％;中  相似文献   

曲率半径对大温差地区小半径曲线梁桥地震响应影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

丁万鹏  虞庐松  李子奇  王力 《地震工程学报》2022,44(1):93-99

为研究曲率半径和近断层脉冲效应对大温差地区小半径曲线梁桥在地震作用下的动力响应和碰撞效应的影响规律,以某大温差地区曲线梁桥为研究对象,建立不同曲率半径的全桥非线性有限元模型,考虑温度变化对支座性能和伸缩缝间距的影响,开展桥梁地震响应分析.结果表明:随着主梁曲率半径增大,墩底内力响应逐渐增加,邻梁间碰撞效应逐渐增强;温度...  相似文献   

利用重叠加窗方式恢复地面运动     

高亮  杨维辉  孙炜  邵帅 《地震地磁观测与研究》2015,(2):36-40

在频率域,利用地震记录反卷积恢复地面运动,由于FFT运算导致的谱泄漏与系统传递函数对高频与低频的放大效果会导致地面运动恢复失败,本研究采用重叠加窗方式,可避免单一加窗的时域失真,并减小频域谱泄漏。结果表明,恢复地面运动取得了较好效果。  相似文献   

黑龙江省地电阻率台网数据在预报工作中的应用     

刘长生  姜勇 《东北地震研究》2015,(2)

对黑龙江省地电阻率台网近些年的观测资料进行了整理分析,对台网的两个地电阻率台观测资料进行了评估,发现林甸台地电阻率数据受各种干扰非常严重,无法提取震兆信息,而绥化台的观测数据质量较高,映震效能较好。绥化地震台地电阻率观测曲线具有规则年周期变化特征,以此为依据进行各向异性的前兆异常特征的研究,发现利用原始曲线法和归一化月速率方法,在中强地震前震区一定区域内的电阻率各向异性值（S）会出现上升型或下降型异常变化。分析认为速率法对于提取短临异常,判断发震时间较为理想。  相似文献   

Polarimetric scattering model for estimation of above ground biomass of multilayer vegetation using ALOS-PALSAR quad-pol data     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

Forests are important biomes covering a major part of the vegetation on the Earth, and as such account for seventy percent of the carbon present in living beings. The value of a forest’s above ground biomass (AGB) is considered as an important parameter for the estimation of global carbon content. In the present study, the quad-pol ALOS-PALSAR data was used for the estimation of AGB for the Dudhwa National Park, India. For this purpose, polarimetric decomposition components and an Extended Water Cloud Model (EWCM) were used. The PolSAR data orientation angle shifts were compensated for before the polarimetric decomposition. The scattering components obtained from the polarimetric decomposition were used in the Water Cloud Model (WCM). The WCM was extended for higher order interactions like double bounce scattering. The parameters of the EWCM were retrieved using the field measurements and the decomposition components. Finally, the relationship between the estimated AGB and measured AGB was assessed. The coefficient of determination (R²) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.4341 and 119 t/ha respectively.  相似文献   

季节冻土区黑土耕层土壤冻融过程及水分变化   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

赵显波  刘铁军  许士国  刘振平 《冰川冻土》2015,37(1):233-240

利用黑龙江省水利科学研究院水利试验研究中心综合实验观测场2011年11月-2012年4月整个冻结融化期的实测野外黑土耕层土壤温度和水分数据, 对中-深季节冻土区黑土耕层土壤冻融过程中冻结和融化特征分阴、阳坡进行了分析, 研究了冻融过程中不同深度土壤水分的变化情况, 并探讨了降水对不同深度耕层土壤含水量变化的影响. 结果表明:黑土耕层土壤冻结融化过程分为5个阶段, 历时164 d, 约5.5个月. 阶段I, 秋末冬初黑土耕层土壤开始步入冻结期; 阶段II, 黑土耕层土壤整日处于冻结状态, 阴坡比同样深度的阳坡土壤温度低; 阶段III为黑土耕层土壤稳定冻结期; 阶段IV, 黑土耕层土壤步入昼融夜冻的日循环交替状态, 冻融循环的土层逐渐向深部发展, 阳坡比阴坡融化得更深、更早, 阴坡比阳坡经历冻融循环次数更多; 阶段V为稳定融化期, 在融化过程不存在冻融交替的现象, 直到整个冻层内的土壤全部消融. 各深度位置阴坡土壤温度的最高值出现时间比阳坡晚约0.5 h. 经过整个冻结融化期后, 阴、阳坡各层土壤含水量均大于冻结前, 阴坡土壤含水量比阳坡整体偏低. 在整个冻结融化期, 阳坡地下1 cm、5 cm、10 cm 及15 cm处含水量最大值出现在地下5 cm; 阴坡的含水量整体趋于平稳且在融化期受降水影响明显.  相似文献